1. The following are all characteristics of the genetic code except: Universal Degenerate Non-overlapping Ambiguous 2. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the role of Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases: Charging an aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase (loading) with an amino acid is an energetically favorable reaction. For every amino acid, there are several Aminoacyl t-RNA […]
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DNA in the living cell is subjected to many chemical alterations. If the genetic information encoded in the DNA is to remain uncorrupted, any chemical changes must be corrected. A failure to repair DNA produces a mutation. Agents that Damage DNA Radiations- Highly reactive oxygen radicals produced during normal cellular respiration as well as by other biochemical pathways Ionizing
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DNA Replication Basis for inheritance The fundamental process occurring in all cells for copying DNA to transfer the genetic information to daughter cells Each cell must replicate its DNA before division. Salient features of DNA replication 1) Semi-conservative Parental strands are not degraded Base pairing allows each strand to serve as a template for a
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DNA Replication: the process of DNA Synthesis Purpose of replication Basis for inheritance The fundamental process occurring in all cells for copying DNA to transfer the genetic information to daughter cells Each cell must replicate its DNA before division. Salient features of DNA replication 1) Semi conservative Parental strands are not degraded Base pairing allows
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RNA (Ribonucleic acid ) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides linked together by 3′,5′-phosphodiester bridges analogous to those in DNA (Figure-1). Figure 1- Showing an RNA fragment, the ribonucleotides are linked together by 3′-5′ phosphodiester linkages. Ribose is the principal sugar in RNA Differences between RNA and DNA Although sharing
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DNA DNA – a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides found in chromosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts carries the genetic information. DNA structure a) Primary structure (figure-1) Represents the linear sequence of deoxyribonucleotides linked together by 3′-5′ phosphodiester linkages The informational content of DNA resides in the sequence in which monomers—purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides—are ordered. The polymer, as depicted,
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Case details A boy was born normal but started flinching at loud noises (enhanced startle response) at the age of 6 months. The child initially could sit up but then regressed so that he could not roll over or recognize his parents. Ophthalmological examination revealed a central red area of the retina surrounded by white
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Case Details A 25 –year-old woman presents, with a history that includes- a) Hepatosplenomegaly with eventual removal of the spleen b) Bone and joint pains with several fractures of the femur. c) A liver biopsy that shows wrinkled-looking cells with an accumulation of Glucosyl ceramide, What would be the likely diagnosis for this patient? Case
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Q.1- Which one of the following characteristics of phospholipids is correct? A. They always contain choline and glycerol B. They are an important source of energy during fasting C. They are major components of membranes D. They are uncharged at physiological pH E. They are water-insoluble. Details The correct answer is -C. The phospholipids are
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Acid-base balance An acid is a substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H+), and a base is a substance that can accept H+ ions, regardless of the substance’s charge. H2 CO3 (acid) «H+ + HCO3 – (base) Strong acids are those that are completely ionized in body fluids, and weak acids are those that are
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