Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions. This loss results in gross atrophy of the affected regions, including degeneration in the temporal lobe and parietal lobe, and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus.
Protein misfolding diseases Read More »
Case study1 A 45 year-old-female suffering from bronchial asthma was brought to the emergency in a critical state with extreme difficulty in breathing. The blood gas analysis revealed the following: pH- 7.3 PCO2– 46 mm Hg PO2– 55 mm Hg HCO3– 24meq/L What is your Interpretation? Case details- Low pH – acidosis Low PO2
Acid-base Imbalance- Case Studies With Explanations Read More »
A postoperative patient on intravenous fluids develops lesions in the mouth (angular stomatitis). Urinalysis indicates an excretion of 15 μg riboflavin/mg creatinine, which is abnormally low. Which of the following TCA cycle enzymes is most likely to be affected? Citrate synthase Isocitrate dehydrogenase Fumarase Malate dehydrogenase Succinate dehydrogenase Details- E) – Succinate dehydrogenase is the
Impaired TCA cycle enzyme activity Read More »
Case details A 44-year-old man who had lost his job because of absenteeism presented to his physician complaining of loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle weakness, and emotional depression. The physical examination revealed a somewhat enlarged liver that was firm and nodular, and there was a hint of jaundice in the sclerae and a hint of
Case study-Folic Acid Deficiency Read More »
Case Details A 4 -year-old boy was brought for consultation for hematuria, edema of lower extremities, and as swollen right leg. He was the 12th born in a poor family, where one previous child died from malnutrition and dehydration in the period of infancy. The child was fed only with cow’s milk and biscuits. From
Case study- Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) Read More »
Case Details A 32-year-old male reported to emergency with active bleeding from the nose. History revealed that he had been on Orlistat for weight reduction for the past two years. He had started Orlistat without the advice of any practitioner and had lost nearly 20 kg of body weight. There was no history of hypertension,
Case Study (orlistat induced bleeding) Read More »
A 45 –year-old male, a known alcoholic from the previous 10 years, reported to the physician for consultation. He complained of the burning of eyes and a sore tongue. There was a history of reduced appetite and mild abdominal discomfort. The examination revealed cracks on the lips and in the corners of the mouth. The
Case study- Vitamin B2 deficiency Read More »
Case details A boy was born normal but started flinching at loud noises (enhanced startle response) at the age of 6 months. The child initially could sit up but then regressed so that he could not roll over or recognize his parents. Ophthalmological examination revealed a central red area of the retina surrounded by white
Tay-Sachs disease- a case based discussion Read More »
Case Details A 25 –year-old woman presents, with a history that includes- a) Hepatosplenomegaly with eventual removal of the spleen b) Bone and joint pains with several fractures of the femur. c) A liver biopsy that shows wrinkled-looking cells with an accumulation of Glucosyl ceramide, What would be the likely diagnosis for this patient? Case
Case study- Gaucher disease Read More »
Case detail A 3-year-old girl was brought into the Emergency Room. She was cold and clammy and was breathing rapidly. She was obviously confused and lethargic. Her mother indicated that she had accidentally ingested automobile antifreeze (ethylene glycol) while playing in the garage. Following gastrointestinal lavage and activated charcoal administration, a nasogastric tube for ethanol
Role of Ethanol in Acute Ethylene Glycol (Automobile antifreeze) Poisoning Read More »
