A primary transcript is a linear copy of a transcriptional unit, the DNA segment between specific initiation and termination sequences. The primary transcript of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic tRNAs and rRNAs are post-transcriptionally modified by removing extra nucleotides. Transfer RNAs are then further modified to acquire special characters unique to tRNAs. In fact, many of […]
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The general transcription process can be applied to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The basic biochemistry for each is the same; however, the specific mechanisms and regulation of transcription differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Transcription of eukaryotic genes is a far more complicated process than prokaryotes. The important points of differences are as follows: 1)
Transcription (part -2) Prokaryotic V/S Eukaryotic transcription Read More »
RNA Synthesis The synthesis of an RNA molecule from DNA is called Transcription. All eukaryotic cells have five major classes of RNA: ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA and microRNA (snRNA and miRNA). The first three are involved in protein synthesis, while the small RNAs are involved in mRNA
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DNA in the living cell is subjected to many chemical alterations. If the genetic information encoded in the DNA is to remain uncorrupted, any chemical changes must be corrected. A failure to repair DNA produces a mutation. Agents that Damage DNA Radiations- Highly reactive oxygen radicals produced during normal cellular respiration as well as by other biochemical pathways Ionizing
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DNA Replication Basis for inheritance The fundamental process occurring in all cells for copying DNA to transfer the genetic information to daughter cells Each cell must replicate its DNA before division. Salient features of DNA replication 1) Semi-conservative Parental strands are not degraded Base pairing allows each strand to serve as a template for a
DNA Replication- A Quick Revision (lecture-2) Read More »
DNA Replication: the process of DNA Synthesis Purpose of replication Basis for inheritance The fundamental process occurring in all cells for copying DNA to transfer the genetic information to daughter cells Each cell must replicate its DNA before division. Salient features of DNA replication 1) Semi conservative Parental strands are not degraded Base pairing allows
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RNA (Ribonucleic acid ) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides linked together by 3′,5′-phosphodiester bridges analogous to those in DNA (Figure-1). Figure 1- Showing an RNA fragment, the ribonucleotides are linked together by 3′-5′ phosphodiester linkages. Ribose is the principal sugar in RNA Differences between RNA and DNA Although sharing
RNA Structure, types, and functions- a quick revision Read More »
DNA DNA – a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides found in chromosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts carries the genetic information. DNA structure a) Primary structure (figure-1) Represents the linear sequence of deoxyribonucleotides linked together by 3′-5′ phosphodiester linkages The informational content of DNA resides in the sequence in which monomers—purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides—are ordered. The polymer, as depicted,
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Acid-base balance An acid is a substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H+), and a base is a substance that can accept H+ ions, regardless of the substance’s charge. H2 CO3 (acid) «H+ + HCO3 – (base) Strong acids are those that are completely ionized in body fluids, and weak acids are those that are
Acid-Base Balance-Lecture-1- Significance of pH Read More »
[slideshare id=32064993&doc=transcription-140308034234-phpapp02]
DNA Transcription- Part-1 Read More »
