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Frequently asked long and short answer questions-cancers

Learning resources, Cancer, Library, Theory notes /

1-Describe the role of tumor suppressor genes in human carcinogenesis. 2- List, giving an example for each, the ways by which proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes. 3- Chromosomal translocations are the hallmark of certain human malignancies. What is known of the biochemical consequences of these cytogenic rearrangements and how these contribute to the development […]

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Multiple-choice questions- Cancers

Learning resources, Cancer, Library, Multiple-choice questions /

Q.1- Enzymes of which type are responsible for converting Pro carcinogens to Ultimate carcinogens? a) Cytochrome P 450 enzyme system b) Hydrolase c) Transferases d) Acetylases e) Polyamine oxidases Q.2- Which of the following is the most commonly mutated oncogene in cancer? a) p53 b) abl c) ras d) myc e) BRCA Q.3- A 23-year-old woman is

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Biochemistry of cancer cells- Lecture-1

Cancer, Learning resources, Lecture notes, Library, Theory notes /

“International Union Against cancer” has defined Cancer as a disturbance of growth, characterized by excessive proliferation of cells without apparent relation to the physiological demands of the organ involved. Properties of cancer cells Three important properties- 1) Diminished or unrestricted control of growth 2) The capability of invasion of local tissues 3) Capable of spreading

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Cancers- lecture-2 (tumor suppressor genes)

Learning resources, Cancer, Library, Theory notes /

Cancer susceptibility genes There are two major classes of cancer susceptibility genes. A) Genes affecting cell growth- These genes exert their effects on tumor growth through their ability to control cell division (cell birth) or cell death (apoptosis).There are two types of genes affecting cell growth. Tumor suppressor genes– negatively affect cell growth. The normal

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Oncogenes- lecture-3

Learning resources, Cancer, Library, Theory notes /

Oncogenes in Human Cancer Oncogenes are cancer susceptibility genes. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that are present in normal cells and are involved in normal growth and development. Under certain circumstances due to the effect of certain processes protooncogenes are converted to Oncogenes. Significance of Proto-oncogenes In the normal cellular environment, proto-oncogenes have crucial roles in

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Anticancer drugs- lecture- 4

Learning resources, Cancer, Library, Theory notes /

Anticancer drugs The goal of cancer treatment is first to eradicate cancer. If this primary goal cannot be accomplished, the goal of cancer treatment shifts to palliation, the amelioration of symptoms, and preservation of quality of life while striving to extend life. Cancer treatments are divided into four main types: surgery, radiation therapy (including photodynamic

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Methotrexate-mechanism of action, side effects, and significance

Learning resources, Cancer, Library, Theory notes /

Methotrexate Methotrexate is an antimetabolite. A broad definition of antimetabolites would include compounds with structural similarity to precursors of purines or pyrimidines or compounds that interfere with purine or pyrimidine synthesis. Antimetabolites can cause DNA damage indirectly, through misincorporation into DNA, abnormal timing or progression through DNA synthesis, or altered function of pyrimidine and purine

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Case study- Luft syndrome (Hypermetabolic mitochondrial syndrome)

Learning resources, Bioenergetics, Case studies, Library /

Case Study A 30 -year- old patient reported to medical OPD complaining of generalized weakness, excessive perspiration, and high caloric intake without an increase in body weight. From the age of seven, she had suffered from profuse sweating that forced her to change clothes about ten times a day. To compensate for the loss of

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