Lecture notes

Oncogenes in Human Cancer: A Deep Dive

USMLE Content, Cancer, Cancer, Lecture notes, Quick revisions /

Oncogenes are key drivers of cancer, originating from proto-oncogenes that regulate normal cell functions. When mutated or overexpressed, they lead to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. This article explores the molecular mechanisms of oncogene activation, including point mutations, gene amplification, chromosomal rearrangements, and viral insertional mutagenesis. Understanding these pathways has paved the way for targeted cancer treatments, offering new hope in oncology research and patient care.

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Tumor Markers: Key to Early Cancer Detection & Monitoring

Learning resources, Cancer, Cancer, Lecture notes, Library, Theory notes, USMLE Content /

Tumor markers are essential tools in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. This guide covers the classification of tumor markers, their role in oncology, and easy mnemonics for memorization. Discover how biomarkers like CEA, AFP, CA-125, and PSA help detect and track various cancers. A must-read for medical professionals and students!”

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Cancer Development: Cellular Characteristics and Carcinogenic Factors

Cancer, Cancer, Lecture notes, Theory notes /

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion of local tissues, and the ability to metastasize to distant organs. This article explores the properties of cancer cells, including loss of apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and genetic instability. It also examines the etiology of carcinogenesis, focusing on radiation, chemical carcinogens, and viral oncogenesis. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for cancer prevention and treatment strategies

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