USMLE Content

Amino acids associated with the TCA cycle and helpful mnemonics to aid memorization

Here’s a table showing the amino acids associated with each intermediate and helpful mnemonics to aid memorization: Intermediate Amino Acids Associated Mnemonic for Amino Acid Entry Points Pyruvate Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Cysteine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Hydroxyproline G – Glycine A – Alanine S – Serine C – Cysteine T – Threonine T – Tryptophan H – Hydroxyproline […]

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PDH complex and the TCA cycle- NBME style questions set-2

1. The cytosolic isoform of which of the following TCA cycle enzymes requires NADP⁺ as a coenzyme, which can be utilized in the reduced state for reductive biosynthesis? A. Aconitase B. Citrate Synthase C. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase D. Malate Dehydrogenase E. Succinate Dehydrogenase The correct answer is C: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase: The cytosolic isoform of isocitrate dehydrogenase

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PDH complex and the TCA cycle- NBME style questions set-1

1. A 24-year-old woman presents with diarrhea, dysphagia, jaundice, and white transverse lines on her fingernails (Mee’s lines). She is diagnosed with arsenic poisoning. Arsenic poisoning inhibits which of the following enzymes? A. Citrate synthase B. Isocitrate dehydrogenase C. Malate dehydrogenase D. Succinate dehydrogenase E. α-Keto glutarate dehydrogenase complex Correct answer: E. α-Keto glutarate dehydrogenase

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Glycolysis Review- NBME style questions with complete explanations

Q.1 Identify the Phosphoester that is predominantly encountered in erythrocytes and plays a vital role in modulating the oxygen-binding affinity of hemoglobin: A. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate B. 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate C. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate D. Fructose 6-phosphate E. Glucose 6-phosphate The correct answer is B. 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG): 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is a negatively charged molecule found in high concentrations within erythrocytes. 2,3-BPG

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NBME-Style Case-Based Questions on the regulation of glycolysis with explanations

Question 1: A 25-year-old man runs a marathon. After 20 miles, his muscle cells are relying heavily on glycolysis for energy production. Which of the following changes is most likely increasing the rate of glycolysis in his muscles? A. Accumulation of alanine B. Decreased availability of glucose C. Decreased oxygen levels D. Increased AMP concentration

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Summary of Regulation of Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH in the process. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is essential for energy production. Glycolysis is regulated at multiple levels to match energy demand with supply. Modes of Glycolysis Regulation Substrate Concentration The availability of glucose directly influences the

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A Summary Of Glycolysis

🎧 Episode Summary: Welcome to Biochem Bytes, your go-to podcast for mastering core biochemistry topics in minutes. In today’s episode, we’re breaking down glycolysis—the central pathway of glucose metabolism. Glycolysis Simplified: Glycolysis is a 10-step metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells. It converts one molecule of glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) into

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Carbohydrate Metabolism – A Quick Revision with Multiple Choice Questions Covering All Pathways

Revise the essential concepts of carbohydrate metabolism with this comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions spanning all major pathways—glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, glycogen metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Ideal for USMLE prep and biochemistry exams, this resource offers rapid revision with clear explanations for each answer.

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Amino Acid Metabolism- Set 2- Multiple-Choice Questions

Q.1 – A 12-year-old boy develops convulsions. After an Electroencephalogram (EEG), a neurologist determines that the child has epilepsy. He is started on benzodiazepine, which promotes the activity of GABA. GABA is derived from Glutamate by which of the following reactions?A) DeaminationB) DecarboxylationC) DehydrogenationD) HydroxylationE) TransaminationAnswer: B) DecarboxylationExplanation: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is synthesized from glutamate

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