Bilirubin is the end product of heme degradation. From 70–90% of bilirubin is derived from degradation of the hemoglobin of senescent red blood cells. Bilirubin produced in the periphery is transported to the liver within the plasma, where, due to its insolubility in aqueous solutions, it is tightly bound to albumin. Under normal circumstances, bilirubin […]
Jaundice- An overview Read More »
Case Details A 15 –year-old girl presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea for 3 days. She became jaundiced and a presumptive diagnosis of infective hepatitis was made, but serological tests were negative. She subsequently died of fulminant liver failure. At post-mortem, her liver copper concentration was found to be grossly increased. What is the probable diagnosis? What kind of
Case Study- Wilson’s Disease Read More »
Case Details An 18 –year- old female reported to the physician for consultation. She complained of generalized weakness, lethargy, and inability to do the routine work from the previous few months. On further questioning, she revealed that she was having excessive bleeding during menstruation for the previous six months. She complained of breathlessness and palpitations
Iron deficiency anemia-a case study Read More »
Calcium is required for the proper functioning of muscle contraction, nerve conduction, hormone release, and blood coagulation. In addition, calcium is required as a cofactor for various enzymes. Calcium balance Calcium is an important nutrient. The daily intake is approximately 1000 mg/day. The adult human body contains approximately 1100 g (27.5mol) of calcium. 99% of
Calcium Homeostasis Read More »
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Calcium- Sources, functions, homeostasis and clinical significance Read More »
Iron absorption takes place largely in the proximal small intestine and is a carefully regulated process. In general, there is no regulation of the amounts of nutrients absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A notable exception is an iron, the reason that absorption must be carefully regulated is that the body does not possess a physiological
Mechanism of Iron absorption Read More »
Case Details A 35 year -old female reported to emergency with severe pain in the left flank region, which was radiating towards the lower leg and back. The patient was in acute distress and agony. History revealed that she frequently suffered from urinary tract infections and had several such episodes of pain. She further reported
Case study- Hypercalcemia Read More »
A 48-year-old man presents with a short history of severe low backache, loss of weight and diminished appetite. X-Ray skull shows punched out lesions. Serum electrophoresis reveals an abnormal band between the β globulin and the γ globulin region. What is the probable diagnosis? Please check the answer at: Image challenge-1- Answer
Q.1- Discuss in brief about the isomerism in monosaccharides.Answer- The sugar molecules having asymmetric carbon atoms exhibit isomerism. Asymmetric carbon atom- It is the carbon atom that is attached to four different groups. All monosaccharides except- Dihydroxyacetone, have asymmetric carbon atoms. Based on the presence of asymmetric carbon atoms the following types of isomerism of monosaccharides are
Important Questions of Monosaccharides (Solved)(Set-1) Read More »
Introduction The most abundant heteropolysaccharides in the body. Highly negatively charged molecules, with extended conformation that imparts high viscosity to the solution. GAGs are located primarily on the surface of cells or in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Along with the high viscosity of GAGs comes low compressibility, which makes these molecules ideal for a lubricating
Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans – A quick revision Read More »
