Metabolism of lipids

Minor pathways of oxidation of fatty acids- Lecture-2 (omega and peroxisomal oxidation)

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Omega oxidation of fatty acids Another minor pathway for fatty acid oxidation also involves hydroxylation and occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of many tissues. In this case, hydroxylation takes place on the methyl carbon at the other end of the molecule from the carboxyl group or on the carbon next to the methyl end. It […]

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Minor pathways of oxidation of fatty acids- Lecture-1 (Alpha-oxidation)

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The β oxidation accounts for the bulk of energy production from fatty acids in humans. These reactions must be supplemented by other mechanisms so that all types of ingested fatty acids can be oxidized. Overview of minor pathways of the biological importance of fatty acid oxidation 1) α- Oxidation- Oxidation occurs at C-2 instead of

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Elevated Acyl carnitine compounds and associated hypoglycemia- What is the defect?

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Case details  A 5- year-old boy suffered gastroenteritis for two days and was brought to the emergency in a semiconscious state. Blood glucose at the time of admission was 45 mg/dl and his urine was negative for glucose and ketone bodies. Glucose was administered intravenously, and his condition improved within 10 minutes. Subsequent laboratory investigations

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Steps of beta-oxidation- Lecture-3

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A saturated acyl Co-A is degraded by a recurring sequence of four reactions: 1) Oxidation (dehydrogenation) by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 2) Hydration, 3) Oxidation(dehydrogenation)  by NAD+, and 4) Thiolysis by CoA The fatty acyl chain is shortened by two carbon atoms as a result of these reactions, and FADH2, NADH, and acetyl CoA are

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Beta oxidation of odd chain and unsaturated fatty acids- lecture-4

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Fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms are oxidized by the pathway of β-oxidation, producing acetyl-CoA until a three-carbon (propionyl-CoA) residue remains. The 3- Carbon Propinyl CoA is utilized in the following way: The fate of propionyl CoA This compound is converted to succinyl-CoA, a constituent of the citric acid cycle (Figure 1).

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Beta oxidation of fatty acids-Lecture-2 (Activation and transportation of fatty acids)

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Overview β-oxidation takes place in mitochondrion. Tissues in which β-Oxidation is carried out are the liver, heart, kidney, muscle, brain, lungs, testes, and adipose tissue. In cardiac muscle, 80% of energy is derived from FA oxidation. A saturated acyl Co-A is degraded by a recurring sequence of four reactions: Oxidation by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

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Fatty acid oxidation- (General introduction)-Lecture-1   

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A fatty acid contains a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. The hydrocarbon chain may be saturated (with no double bond) or maybe unsaturated (containing double bond)-figure-1. Figure 1- showing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Sources of fatty acids Fatty acids can be obtained from- Diet Adipolysis De novo synthesis Functions of fatty

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Lipid absorption simplified

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Absorption of Lipids Glycerol, short and medium-chain fatty acids (chain lengths less than 14 carbons) are directly absorbed from the intestinal lumen into the portal vein and taken to the liver for further utilization. Long-chain fatty acids, free cholesterol, and β- acyl glycerol and bile salts form mixed micelles. Micelles Micelles are disk-shaped clusters of

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Digestion of lipids

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Introduction Lipids are a heterogeneous group of water-insoluble organic molecules that can be extracted from tissues by non-polar solvents. They are the major source of energy for the body. Dietary fat Composition More than 95% are triglycerides, the other are -Cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, and unesterified fatty acids. Dietary sources of Lipids a) Animal Sources Dairy

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Prostaglandin synthesis and the significance of COX-1 and 2 (case study-2)

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Case details A 63-year-old female presented to the clinic with recurrent mid-epigastric pain over the last 3 months. She also reported feeling tired and had to increase the amount of ibuprofen needed for the relief of her arthritis.  She reported some relief of epigastric pain shortly after eating, but then the discomfort returned. She had

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